|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Oct 6, 2011 12:28:16 GMT 12
I guess one could say that Steve Jobs was the ultimate Phineas Taylor Barnum character of the modern-day era.
He produced copious quantities of iWANT iWANT iWANT products which seemed to promote themselves on image alone.
Personaly, I have tended to steer clear of iTHINGIES since I discovered iPODS were incapable of handling uncompressed linear PCM music file formats. There are other portable audio devices which don't compress the audio.
|
|
|
Post by Bruce on Oct 6, 2011 12:41:37 GMT 12
I'm not an Apple fan, but certainly Steve jobs was a great innovator who pushed the cutting edge of new technology. RIP.
I wonder if the'll bury him in a brightly coloured, rounded plastic bubble....
|
|
|
Post by ErrolC on Oct 6, 2011 13:28:03 GMT 12
I'm not an Apple fan, but certainly Steve jobs was a great innovator who pushed the cutting edge of new technology. RIP. In the last several years, his more important (not necessarily good) innovations have been in new business/delivery methods that were enabled by new technology IMO.
|
|
|
Post by Darren Masters on Oct 6, 2011 16:09:45 GMT 12
R.I.P. Steve Jobs. I was never a fan of anything Apple. For an OS in a laptop I have heard from friends who do video/sound editing that it craps on a Windows-based PC. My i-Phone was the best thing I ever bought. Sure, not as hardy as the old Nokia but for applications and useability (if that's a word) absolutely fantastic!
|
|
|
Post by Peter Lewis on Oct 6, 2011 18:11:10 GMT 12
My first home computer was an Apple Mac. Great to use - especially after fighting with a DOS machine who's inevitable and only response to any command-line instruction was 'Illegal command'.
My original aircraft database was constructed over many hours on that machine, with its 12" b&w screen. When I upgraded to an HP windows machine, it was a real major moving the database over. My rational for changing at that time was the availability of a lot more software for the windows.
I must admit that I have never bought into the hype over i-products. Oversold in my view. However, I do salute Jobs for his vision. Maybe we will now have the iCoffin?
|
|
|
Post by Kereru on Oct 6, 2011 21:08:57 GMT 12
RIP Steve Jobs
Tech titans pay tribute to Steve Jobs.
Giants of technology from Microsoft's Bill Gates to Facebook inventor Mark Zuckerberg led the tributes to visionary Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, who died today of cancer at 56.
"Steve and I first met nearly 30 years ago, and have been colleagues, competitors and friends over the course of more than half our lives," Gates said in a written statement.
"The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him, it's been an insanely great honour. I will miss Steve immensely."
Fellow internet-age trailblazer and Facebook founder/CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote on a Facebook posting: "Steve, thank you for being a mentor and a friend. Thanks for showing that what you build can change the world. I will miss you."
Jobs was even credited with raising the standard for animated films by bringing his vision to Pixar, a movie studio he founded while exiled for a time from Apple due to an internal conflict.
"Steve was such an 'original,' with a thoroughly creative, imaginative mind that defined an era.
Despite all he accomplished, it feels like he was just getting started. With his passing the world has lost a rare original," said Walt Disney Company president and CEO Robert A. Iger.
President Barack Obama mourned Jobs as one of America's "greatest innovators" and said it was fitting many people learned of his death on a device he invented.
"He transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world," Obama said in a written statement.
"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators - brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it," Obama said. "By making computers personal and putting the internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun.
Media and technology commentator Jeff Jarvis tweeted of Jobs: "We have lost our Gutenberg, Edison, Picasso, Carnegie.... "
New York mayor Michael Bloomberg, a billionaire who built his personal empire on business and technology, said Jobs had changed the world by helping put information and power in countless millions of hands.
"Tonight, America lost a genius who will be remembered with Edison and Einstein, and whose ideas will shape the world for generations to come," Bloomberg said.
"Steve's passionate belief in the power of technology to transform the way we live brought us more than smart phones and iPads: it brought knowledge and power that is reshaping the face of civilisation."
Among tributes pouring in from around the globe, Australia's Prime Minister Julia Gillard hailed Jobs as a "genius" and global innovator who changed the world.
"All of us would be touched every day by products that he was the creative genius behind, so this is very sad news and my condolences go to his family and friends," Gillard told reporters in Canberra.
"It's not too much to say he literally changed our world," she said, describing him as "an incredible global innovator."
Apple's new CEO Tim Cook called Jobs a "creative genius" and "inspiring mentor."
"Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor," said Cook, who took the company helm in August.
"Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple."
Cook said the company was planning "a celebration of Steve's extraordinary life for Apple employees that will take place soon," and urged readers to share their memories of Jobs via email at rememberingsteve@apple.com.
- AFP Credit to NZ HERALD
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Oct 27, 2011 0:21:52 GMT 12
From SFGate.comAnd now, a world without Steve JobsBy Mark Morford, SF Gate Columnist | Friday, October 07, 2011An image of Steve Jobs is shown on a screen at the Apple Store in Santa Monica, California, Wednesday, October 05, 2011. Jobs, the Apple founder and former CEO who invented and masterfully marketed ever-sleeker gadgets that transformed everyday technology, from the personal computer to the iPod and iPhone, has died. He was 56. — Photo: Jae C. Hong/Associated Press.• View more photographs.“There may be no greater tribute to Steve Jobs' success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented.” — Barack Obama______________________________________ The world is full of visionaries.
We are, as a species, endlessly blessed with numerous beings of every shape, size and nationality who can see entire industries, economies, human conditions, nation-states, biological phenomena, the bend of history and the arc of time itself and then imagine or re-imagine ways they can work differently, more humanely, altogether better.
What's more, the world is rife with people who've made enormous difference via their grand visions, who've helped millions, transformed lives, who are largely unsung and who may never receive Nobel prizes or massive media attention, much less seven billion in stock options and a mansion on the hill. These are people who work on some of the most difficult problems of our age — food production, disease, human rights, water, energy, the very survival of the species.
So then. No one can accuse Steve Jobs of being unsung. He was far from unappreciated, had no shortage of ego or wealth or power. And you can say his contributions to the world of technology and media weren't exactly as essential to the betterment of the species as, say, ending starvation in Somalia, figuring out the triggers for HIV or ending our global dependence on oil.
But then again, maybe they were. Let's just say it outright, with only a trace of hyperbole: The man nearly singlehandedly made modern tech life worth living, worth having, worth engaging. There's not a pleasing, beautiful device or elegant GUI alive today that hasn't been touched by Jobs' and Apple's sophisticated design ethos, from cars to homes, staplers to lamps, coffeemakers to vibrators.
The truth is undeniable: Because of Jobs, everything changed. Nay, everything got better. Deny it at your peril.
Did Apple/Jobs invent it all from scratch? Of course not. Lumpish, dinosaur-like PCs were around before the breakthrough Apple II. MP3 players existed in some barely usable form before the iPod/iTunes juggernaut made it all make sense. Cell phones were a crapshoot buffet of inscrutable interfaces, haphazard form factors and lug-nut functionality before the iPhone steamrolled the industry and made every phone giant from Nokia to RIM to Sony into a gasping wannabe.
This, more than anything, appears to be the Jobs way. From chaos to grace. From confusion and incoherence to a singular, Zen-like clarity, ease, a mystical, trademark je ne sais quoi that no other visionary, no other CEO or company on the planet has been able to match. And from the looks of things, it might be awhile.
Do you want to try it? Imagining what the world would have been like without the Jobs influence, his design perfectionism, his Cassandra-like ability to see what would make our computers, our music, our conversations, our digital worlds more interesting, more gratifying, more all-around enchanting to use? It's a bit like imagining the world if chocolate had never been invented. Or light bulbs. Or singing. Sure it's OK and all, but, you know, damn.
Maybe this is the only question that matters, and the one that so easily puts Jobs on par with the most revered visionaries of this, or any age. What price grace? How to properly value not merely Chinese-made gizmos, but an entire liberal arts-inspired ethos that insists on making the messy, ridiculous modern world a thousandfold more lucid and enthralling, on making products that actually enrich lives, that inspire you to create beyond your normal range and capabilities?
In the coming weeks, once all the global accolades and tributes die down, it's likely you'll hear some whines coming out of the geek woodwork, various Apple haters grumbling that Jobs was overrated, his vision lopsided and flawed, that Apple was imperfect and closed-minded and didn't sufficiently cater to the petulant open-source ubergeeks, ad nauseam. Whatever.
All you have to do is ask. Ask nearly anyone who owns any of the "i" family (Pod/Pad/Phone/OS), or maybe the stunning MacBook Air, or just about anything the company's churned out in the past decade.
You'll hear essentially the same answer, coupled to a very familiar gleam in the eye: "Oh my God I love this thing." It's something akin to glee, to simple joy of using something that works so well, miraculous in its power, delightful to hold, completely confident of its place in the world. Try that with a Blackberry.
There's a word for this sort of emotionally charged human/object interface, and it's a word that's almost never used when speaking of the cold, drab world of computer technology. The word is intimacy.
Simply put, Apple products make you want to touch them, interact with them, develop a personal relationship. They somehow spontaneously weave into your personality, like they were there all along, obvious and welcome and true. In other words, spend a week with a new iPhone and you start pitying the sad, lost person you must've been before you had it. Now that's love.
I remember one of the first reviews of the iPad, coming shortly after all pundits everywhere predicted an epic failure for Apple's awkwardly named tablet, that Jobs had finally overreached and the iPad would finally put an end to his unprecedented run of success. How cute they all were a few weeks later when sales skyrocketed, eating a million pounds of crow like that.
But never mind that now. The reviewer said that it wasn't that the iPad was effortlessly gorgeous and easy to use, which everyone expected. It wasn't that it exploded the iPhone's functionality in radical and wonderful new ways apparently only Jobs could see.
It was that, 20 minutes into using the thing, after you've loaded up some photos and populated the iTunes library and stocked up on a few fave apps, suddenly the thing just clicks, there's a hint of life, a connection. It's as close as you can get to a personal relationship with a gadget shy of a Real Doll and gallon of WD-40. Amazing.
In the end, what matters is what you hold in your hand. What matters is how our various modern creations align with the soul. What matters is the amazing tech upon which I write these very words (MacBook Pro, minimalist wireless Apple keyboard, LCD cinema display), perhaps the most intuitive, beautifully designed pieces of mass market industrial design of our age.
And there's really only one person to thank for it all, and he was a quiet, blue-collar Zen Buddhist college dropout multibillionaire who credits LSD for giving him a "Think Different" approach to the world. So much for business school.
Hence, sadness abounds. Jobs was only 56. Had he survived, who knows what he might have come up with over the next 20, 25 years, what industries he could have exploded, what young designers and programmers he would have inspired, what sort of glorious new devices he would have held up at Moscone Center in his trademark black turtleneck and jeans and "One more thing" master salesmanship. We will never know.
Well, we might know a little. Apple will likely cruise along just fine for a number of years on the sheer momentum of Jobs' vision and corporate roadmap. There are surely a number of products in the Apple pipeline with his vision all over them. We'll probably be OK for awhile.
But will it be enough time? For new energy to emerge, for a new visionary to step up, for the massive creative void Jobs left to be adequately filled? Impossible to say. Because while the world may be full of visionaries, it turns out Jobs was a bit more than that. Or a lot more. How do we know? Because as it stands right now, the world without him already feels a little more drab, murky, lost. Let us iPray.______________________________________ Mark Morford's latest book, “The Daring Spectacle: Adventures in Deviant Journalism”, is available at Amazon, BN.com, and beyond.
Join Mark on Facebook and Twitter, or email him. His website is MarkMorford.com.
Mark's column appears every Wednesday on SFGate. To join the notification list for this column, click here and remove one article of clothing. To get on Mark's personal mailing list, click here and remove three more.
This column also has an RSS feed and a very handy archive page.www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/10/07/notes100711.DTL&ao=all
|
|
|
Post by Kereru on Nov 10, 2011 15:23:55 GMT 12
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Sept 18, 2012 3:31:37 GMT 12
|
|
|
Post by ngatimozart on Sept 18, 2012 12:22:41 GMT 12
It's against my religion to use Apple products. ;D ;D
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Sept 29, 2012 11:50:11 GMT 12
Reason #5204926 for NOT purchasing iCRAP products....Apple CEO apologises for Maps flawsReuters | 11:13AM - Saturday, 29 September 2012SORRY: Apple CEO Tim Cook has apologised to customers frustrated with glaring errors in its new Maps service. — Photos: Reuters.APPLE INC. Chief Executive Tim Cook has apologised to customers frustrated with glaring errors in its new Maps service and, in an unusual move for the consumer giant, directed them to rival services such as Google Inc's Maps instead.
The rare apology follows Apple's launch of its own mapping service earlier this month, when it began selling the iPhone 5 and rolled out iOS 6, the highly anticipated update to its mobile software platform.
Users complained that the new Maps service — based on Dutch navigation equipment and digital map maker TomTom NV's data — contained geographical errors and gaps in information, and that it lacked features that made Google Maps so popular from public transit directions to traffic data and street-view pictures.
"We are extremely sorry for the frustration this has caused our customers and we are doing everything we can to make Maps better," Cook said in a letter to customers released on its website, adding that the company "fell short" of its commitment to deliver "the best experience possible to our customers."
Unusually, he suggested that customers download rival mapping services available in Apple's App Store while the company improves the product.
"While we're improving Maps, you can try alternatives by downloading map apps from the App Store like Bing, MapQuest and Waze, or use Google or Nokia maps by going to their websites and creating an icon on your home screen to their web app," he said in the letter.
Apple is typically loathe to tout rival services and the contrite apology by Cook is an indication of how Apple is changing under the chief executive who took over last year from co-founder Steve Jobs just before his death. It also took the additional step of prominently displaying the rival services on its Apps Store.
"It is a bit unusual but at the same time, Tim is keeping Apple's commitment to provide the best user experience for customers," Sterne Agee analyst Shaw Wu said. "A key reason for Apple's success is keeping customers happy so we think this is a good move."
"People forget that Google Maps started out inferior to Mapquest and Yahoo Maps," he added.
Apple's home-grown Maps feature — stitched together by acquiring mapping companies and data from many providers including Waze, Intermap, DigitalGlobe and Urban Mapping — was introduced with much fanfare in June by software chief Scott Forstall. It was billed as one of the key highlights of the updated iOS6 software.
But errors and omissions in the maps service quickly emerged after the software was rolled out, ranging from misplaced buildings and mislabelled cities to duplicated geographical features.NEW APPLEThe last time Apple faced such widespread criticism was in 2010, when users complained of signal reception issues on the then-new iPhone 4 model.
A defiant Jobs at the time rejected any suggestion the iPhone 4's design was flawed, but offered consumers free phone cases at a rare, 90-minute press conference called to address those complaints.
While Apple fixed the issue, Jobs had apologized to users only after he was specifically asked if he was sorry. He also said the issue was shared by all the major manufacturers, naming rivals Research in Motion, Samsung Electronics and HTC Corp.
Cook himself played a key role in convincing Jobs to tackle the negative publicity that arose around that issue, something he was initially reluctant to do, according to his biographer.
"Finally Tim Cook was able to shake him out of his lethargy," Walter Isaacson said in his biography on the late Silicon Valley icon. "He quoted someone as saying that Apple was becoming the new Microsoft, complacent and arrogant. The next day Jobs changed his attitude."
It remains to be seen how fast Apple can fix the mapping glitches. Jobs had been in a similar position when he allowed email synchronization software MobileMe to launch in 2008, to deadly reviews. The mercurial CEO took the group to task for it and replaced the group's head. The service is now folded into the iCloud product.
Mapping is a complex process that takes a lot of resources and years to perfect, said Marcus Thielking, co-founder of Skobbler, maker of the popular GPS Navigation 2 app, built using the crowdsourced OpenStreetMap platform.
"It helps a lot if you have great data to start with," he said, adding that it appears that different database were thrown together in building Apple Maps. "They (Apple) can offer incremental updates and that's what they will do."
Cook said that more than 100 million iOS devices are using the new Apple Maps and that the more people use Maps, the better it will get. He also offered some hints on why the company decided to remove Google Maps.
Apple launched the Google-powered Maps "initially with the first version of iOS" and created a home-grown version of the service as it wanted to provide more features, Cook said.
"As time progressed, we wanted to provide our customers with even better Maps including features such as turn-by-turn directions, voice integration, Flyover and vector-based maps," he said in the letter.
Google provides turn-by-turn navigation on Android-based devices but the popular feature was not available for Apple devices. Apple Maps replaced Google Maps in iOS 6 and the Google service is now only available through a browser.www.stuff.co.nz/technology/gadgets/7747268/Apple-CEO-apologises-for-Maps-flaws
|
|
|
Post by richard1098 on Sept 29, 2012 17:58:26 GMT 12
Before anyone gets all teary eyed, and starts wondering how such an incrediby nice man could become CEO of the world's most valuable company, I'd think about why Tim Cook would encourage people to compare Apple Maps with its competitors side by side. My impressions after one week doing exactly that: - Google maps is the better GIS style application, but still hindered by the fact that only a small proportion of businesses and institutions are actually listed. As for "eye candy", yes Google has it over Apple by a huge margin.
- Apple maps shows its Tom Tom heritage by being (for iOS at least), a much better GPS style app. I'm surpised at the accuracy and amount of useful road and traffic condition data that's displayed already, and like how easy it is to compare alternative routes and select the one your prefer to use. As for the lower resolution satellite images - they do load much quicker, and how high res do you want on a phone anyway?
Yes public transport data is missing from Apple maps; but how many ciites are there where you can't get that data from a web-site or stand alone app? PS I usually use a stand alone map ( not Google or Apple) app that downloads maps to my phone, so I can use it as a GPS without any network connection.
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Sept 29, 2012 18:53:13 GMT 12
Spending money on iTHINGIES is like....
|
|
|
Post by richard1098 on Sept 29, 2012 19:01:14 GMT 12
Exactly, its much better to spend 5 times the amount on a stand alone point and shoot camera, phone, portable music player, Playstation Vita, and GPS.
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Sept 29, 2012 19:20:28 GMT 12
Exactly, its much better to spend 5 times the amount on a stand alone point and shoot camera, phone, portable music player, Playstation Vita, and GPS. I use a SLR camera with multiple lenses. An iTHINGIE cannot come anywhere near it. I don't use a smart phone....I have no need for one. The mobile phone I do have is often switched off when I don't wish to be easy to get hold of. My work phone is never turned on unless I need to use it for work purposes, then as soon as I've used it, I turn it off again and put it back into my workbag. iTHINGIES cannot handle uncompressed Linear PCM music files. Sony Walkmans (and a few other devices by other manufacturers) do. I choose to listen to uncompressed music through quality headphones that can reproduce the huge soundstage possible with Linear PCM and which collapses when you compress audio files into mp3 and other similar formats. I have no need for a playstation and don't use one. I occasionally use a Garmin GPS that is waterproof, shockproof and dustproof, but I never rely on it, instead prefering to use my inbuilt brain for navigation around terra-firma. Besides, the people who rely on GPS to know where they are will end up being totally lost if a huge war breaks out somewhere and the Americans switch off the GPS signal to prevent the enemy from using it. Plenty of people who can only find their way round with GPS will be running around in circles like headless chooks if/when that occurs. Did I miss anything?
|
|
|
Post by kiwithrottlejockey on Sept 29, 2012 19:23:04 GMT 12
I know how to get lost and stay lost and I do it all the time. From the Los Angeles Times....Hard to escape in a world of Facebook, iPhones, Wi-Fi and SkypeBy DAVID HORSEY | 5:03AM - Wednesday, August 08, 2012IN OUR connected world, you can’t hide unless you run.
On Tuesday, a good friend of mine got an email from the chairman of the Washington state Democratic Party informing her that county records showed her mail-in ballot for the primary election had not yet been received. Clearly, turning out the vote is no longer just a generalized effort of making phone calls or walking door-to-door. Now, each one of us is a virtual GPS point on a political grid and the decision to vote is not a private affair.
Politics is no different than any other realm of activity in our connected world. In this new world, there are a host of advantages provided by the communication tools we employ — Wi-Fi, Twitter, Facebook, iPads, smartphones and all the rest. If there is a downside, it is that there is no escape. Or, more precisely, we forget how to escape and why we should.
Right now, I am on a short vacation with good friends. Outside, there is a beautiful lake. Boats and jet skis are cutting through the water. The air is warm; the sun is bright. But here I am sitting inside typing away on a laptop. One of my friends is downstairs calling into a meeting at the Gates Foundation. Another friend just posted a column for the New York Times. Two decades ago when we started vacationing together, we were forced to leave our jobs behind. Our only access to the outside world was a pay phone up the hill. Work had to be completed before we left home. Now, we just pack up our computers and bring work with us.
When I was in graduate school in England back in the mid-1980s, my only contact with my parents was through an occasional letter and a very occasional and expensive telephone call. I felt very far away, which could be lonely, but also liberating. When my own daughter lived in Argentina a couple of years back, we could email, text and skype, plus I could follow her exploits on Facebook and read her blog posts. It was great for me, but I wondered if she might have missed the full benefit of being distant from home.
For the most part, I do not mind the way easy connections have altered my life. I like the idea that I can work from almost anywhere. I like knowing I can stay in touch with my daughter or son when they are far away. But that sense of the remote, lonely and exotic that once defined travel is harder to find. And, on vacation, it is harder to vacate our everyday lives.
If someone wants to tell us to vote, we can be tracked down. If a girlfriend or boyfriend or spouse or parent or child or editor or boss wants to find us, they assume they should be able to do that right now — immediately, instantly. It used to be easy to go off the grid because the grid had plenty of holes. Now, the grid binds us together — which is good — and tethers us — which is not always so great.
Getting lost used to be easy; now it takes a plan of escape.www.latimes.com/news/politics/topoftheticket/la-na-tt-hard-to-escape-20120807,0,33299.story
|
|
|
Post by richard1098 on Sept 29, 2012 19:48:47 GMT 12
I use a SLR camera with multiple lenses. An iTHINGIE cannot come anywhere near it. Isn't that a little large to carry to every work 10 pin bowling afternoon, relative's birthday party, or night out wth friends? More serioulsy though, I can see why Apple is rolling in $ right now. I have to fess up here that at home I listen to music through a stereo system that cost me close to $10K.
|
|
|
Post by Luther Moore on Sept 29, 2012 20:27:12 GMT 12
|
|
|
Post by richard1098 on Sept 29, 2012 20:30:58 GMT 12
I wonder why? ;D
|
|
|
Post by ngatimozart on Sept 29, 2012 20:44:11 GMT 12
I occasionally use a Garmin GPS that is waterproof, shockproof and dustproof, but I never rely on it, instead prefering to use my inbuilt brain for navigation around terra-firma. Besides, the people who rely on GPS to know where they are will end up being totally lost if a huge war breaks out somewhere and the Americans switch off the GPS signal to prevent the enemy from using it. Plenty of people who can only find their way round with GPS will be running around in circles like headless chooks if/when that occurs. Did I miss anything? The US wouldn't turn the GPS constellation off because their military and other govt departments that rely upon it. GPS has two settings a military one and the civilian one. Simply GPS relies on time signals to establish its position and the more accurate the time signals the less circular error in position fixing. Thats why you need to see a minimum of three satellites to have a reasonable fix. So to keep the system secure the US inserted a deliberate timing error in the GPS signal which made the non military horizontal accuracy around 200m. Back in early 2000s the US removed the timing error bringing the horizontal accuracy down to about the 10m that it is now. So all they have to do is to reintroduce the timing error. Now there is the Russian GLONASS system plus I think a European one and the Chinese are in the process of installing their GPS constellation. The greater the number of GPS satellites, the better the accuracy. When I was doing some GPS work on Lyttelton Harbour in 2010 we could see 17 satellites which mean't our accuracy was good, probably down to about 2 - 5m. That's why now GPSS is available. Finally the US GPS system is nearing the end of its life and they have been slow in replacing their constellation.
|
|